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Lead Acid Batteries
Lead acid batteries are the most
common type of energy storage.
All lead acid batteries are based
on the same lead/sulphuric acid chemical reaction, however, they have evolved into
different types - each designed for a specific need.
Smaller batteries look like big car
batteries and contain several cells in tough plastic cases to give 6V or 12V with
capacities up to ~ 200Ah. They are either flooded cell types: with a vent for gassing and
topping-up with distilled water; or sealed/ gell types: with an
immobilised electrolyte.
Larger battery banks are usually
made up of flooded 2V cells ranging in capacity of ~100Ah to several thousand. Sealed
types are also available. Some flooded cell batteries using tubular positive plates
instead of flat plates have longer life.
Nickel Cadmium Batteries
These are manufactured in many
sizes. Sealed ones have very small capacities but are useful for self contained lights.
The larger 'wet' nicad is ideal for
wind/solar energy storage. They require little maintenance; can be 100% discharged; left
in any state of charge without damage; withstand overcharging; and withstand temperature
extremes. However, they are several times the price of lead acid batteries. P.O.A
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